What type of substance is alcohol classified as in terms of its effect on the body?

Alcohol is classified as a depressant because it affects the central nervous system by slowing down brain activity and reducing overall bodily functions. This results in a calming effect on the individual, as it can lower inhibitions, relax muscles, and impair coordination and judgment. The depressant nature of alcohol can lead to decreased heart rate and sedation, which are characteristic effects of substances that belong to this category.

Other categories of substances, such as stimulants, typically increase energy and alertness, while hallucinogens alter perception, and narcotics generally provide pain relief. Understanding alcohol's classification as a depressant is crucial for recognizing its potential effects on behavior, driving ability, and overall health.