Which of the following factors does NOT affect Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)?

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is influenced by various physiological and behavioral factors that affect how alcohol is absorbed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. The rate of consumption, gender, and body size are key determinants of BAC levels.

Rate of consumption impacts how quickly alcohol enters the bloodstream. Consuming multiple drinks in a short time raises BAC more rapidly than sipping drinks over a longer period.

Gender plays a crucial role due to physiological differences between males and females, such as body composition and metabolism. Typically, women may reach higher BAC levels than men after consuming the same amount of alcohol, owing to differences in water content and alcohol dehydrogenase levels.

Body size also affects BAC because individuals with larger body mass tend to have a higher volume of water in their bodies, which can dilute the alcohol. Therefore, a smaller person may experience a higher BAC than a larger person after consuming the same amount of alcohol.

In contrast, the time of day does not have a direct physiological effect on BAC. While certain times might correlate with higher alcohol consumption (e.g., during social events in the evening), the chemical processes determining BAC—such as absorption and metabolism—are not influenced by the hour. Hence, this makes the time of